Here's the contents of the survival kit that, along with my Backcountry First Aid Kit, permanently lives in the top (lid) compartment of my backpack.  All the emergency items listed below are packed into a small ziploc bag.
The lid of the backpack converts into a fanny pack, so I can shed the expedition pack and just take the lid for day trips or drop the lid inside a summit pack, and always have the first aid kit and survival kit with me.  In addition to the emergency items packed in the ziploc bag, I always carry other non-emergency essential items as listed below.  However, since the non-emergency items are constantly used, they are kept more accessible than the emergency items.  A more complete checklist of what I pack for each type of trip is listed in my Backcountry Gear List.